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Related Concept Videos

Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

182
The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
182
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

105
In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
105
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

112
Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
112
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending01:23

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending

210
The design of prismatic beams, structural elements with a uniform cross-section, focuses on ensuring safety and structural integrity under load. The design process begins by determining the allowable stress, either from material properties tables, or by dividing the material's ultimate strength by a safety factor. This safety factor is essential for accommodating uncertainties, and varies depending on the material—timber, steel, or concrete—with each having unique strength and...
210
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

152
To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
152

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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Balanced-ternary-inspired reconfigurable vortex beams using cascaded metasurfaces.

Ji Liu1, Jurui Qi1, Jin Yao1

  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using cascaded metasurfaces to generate controllable, high-order electromagnetic vortex beams. This breakthrough offers a reconfigurable and cost-effective solution for advanced wave technologies.

Keywords:
balanced ternary systembroadband vortex beamscascaded metasurfaceshigh-order vortex beamsreconfigurable generation of vortex beamsvortex beams

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metamaterials
  • Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • Electromagnetic vortices possess orbital angular momentum, crucial for advanced wave technologies like optical communications.
  • Generating high-order vortex beams efficiently and reconfigurably remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel method for reconfigurable generation of order-controllable electromagnetic vortex beams.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing techniques in terms of order, bandwidth, and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a cascade of N-layer metasurfaces inspired by the balanced-ternary concept.
  • Theoretically analyzing the generation of vortex modes based on the number and configuration of metasurfaces.
  • Experimentally demonstrating the concept in the millimeter-wave region using 3 cascaded metasurfaces.

Main Results:

  • A system capable of generating 26 distinct vortex beams with orders ranging from -13 to +13 was successfully demonstrated.
  • The method allows for reconfigurable control over the vortex beam order.
  • The generation was achieved across a broad millimeter-wave frequency range.

Conclusions:

  • The cascaded metasurface approach provides a flexible, implementable, and cost-effective solution for generating arbitrary-order vortex beams.
  • This technique opens new possibilities for applications in optical communications, integrated photonics, and other wave-based technologies.