Computational model of the spatiotemporal synergetic system dynamics of calcium, IP₃ and dopamine in neuron cells

The functioning of several cellular processes in neuron cells relies on the interplay between multiple systems, such as calcium ([Ca²⁺]), inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP₃), and dopamine. But, their individual dynamics provide very little insight into the various regulatory and dysregulatory cellular processes. The interaction of two systems dynamics offers some useful information about cell functioning in neurons. But, no attempt has been noted in the literature about the cooperation of three systems dynamics of [Ca²⁺], IP₃, and dopamine in neurons. A mathematical model was utilized to examine the dynamic interactions of [Ca²⁺], IP₃, and dopamine in neurons, considering their spatiotemporal aspects. Numerical findings were obtained using the finite element technique in conjunction with the Crank-Nicholson scheme. The effects of different component events like IP₃-receptor (IP₃R), sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), calbindin-D_28K buffer, etc. on the synergetic calcium, IP₃, and dopamine dynamics have been studied in neuronal cells. The present model offers novel insights into the effects of regulation and dysregulation in different mechanisms like IP₃R, NCX, calbindin-D_28K, etc. on the synergetic systems of [Ca²⁺], IP₃ and dopamine in neurons and their association with multiple neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.