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Detection of other pathologies when utilising computer-assisted digital solutions for TB screening
J Sebastian1, I D Olaru1,2,3, A Giannakis4,5
1Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
IJTLD Open
|December 16, 2024
Summary
Computer-aided detection (CAD) tools for tuberculosis (TB) screening can identify chest X-ray abnormalities, including those not related to TB. This study confirms CAD tools detect other serious conditions, alleviating concerns about missed diagnoses.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Artificial Intelligence
- Public Health
Background:
- Computer-aided detection (CAD) tools offer potential for tuberculosis (TB) screening, especially where radiologists are scarce.
- Concerns exist regarding CAD's ability to detect non-TB related chest X-ray (CXR) abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the performance of three commercial CAD tools in detecting common non-TB abnormalities on CXRs.
- To address ethical concerns about missing critical diagnoses other than TB during screening.
Main Methods:
- Assessed three commercial CAD tools (qXR, INSIGHT CXR, DrAID) against expert radiologist readings using a standardized annotation guide.
- Evaluated detection of over 20 common non-TB diagnoses significant in high-burden countries.
Main Results:
- All three CAD tools demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying abnormal CXRs (97% for INSIGHT CXR, 94% for qXR, 87% for DrAID).
- CAD tools generally detected critical abnormalities like lung cancer and heart failure.
- Performance varied for detecting other specific non-TB abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- Commercial CAD tools successfully identified CXRs with non-TB related diseases.
- Findings alleviate concerns about missed non-TB abnormalities during TB screening with CAD.
- CAD tools show potential for broader clinical applicability beyond TB screening.
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