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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
133

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Neural activity during working memory predicts clinical response to computerized executive function training prior to

Delaney Davey1,2, Morgan M Caudle3, Samantha N Hoffman2,3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Psychological Medicine
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Veterans with PTSD who showed more brain activity in working memory regions responded better to cognitive training combined with therapy. This suggests brain activity can predict treatment success for PTSD.

Keywords:
PTSDbiomarkerscognitive trainingexecutive functioningpsychotherapyveterans

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Executive dysfunction, particularly working memory deficits, is common in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • These deficits can limit the effectiveness of standard PTSD treatments.
  • Targeting executive dysfunction alongside PTSD therapy may improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if pre-treatment neurocognitive markers of executive function predict treatment response in veterans with PTSD.
  • To analyze secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial comparing combined cognitive training and therapy with standard therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty treatment-seeking veterans with PTSD underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a working memory task.
  • Participants were randomized to either computerized executive function training plus cognitive processing therapy (CEFT + CPT) or placebo training plus CPT (PT + CPT) for six weeks.
  • Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the predictive value of neurocognitive substrates on PTSD treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Veterans exhibiting greater activation in working memory-associated brain regions (lateral prefrontal and cingulate cortex) showed improved PTSD symptom trajectories in the CEFT + CPT group compared to the PT + CPT group.
  • Individuals with lower neural activation in these regions had similar PTSD symptom changes irrespective of the treatment condition.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated activity in frontal working memory regions may indicate a biomarker for response to novel PTSD interventions.
  • Patients with higher neural responsiveness benefit more from treatments that actively target cognitive dysfunction.
  • These findings can enhance understanding of PTSD treatment mechanisms and aid in personalized treatment strategies.