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Cyclic Olefin Copolymer-Based Fixed-Target Sample Delivery Device for Protein X-ray Crystallography.

Abhik Manna1,2, Mukul Sonker1,2, Domin Koh1,2

  • 1School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.

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|December 16, 2024
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A novel fixed-target microfluidic system using cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) enables efficient protein microcrystal delivery for X-ray crystallography. This sample-conserving method advances structural determination by providing high-quality data for targeted therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Serial macromolecular X-ray crystallography is crucial for determining protein structures and advancing targeted therapeutics.
  • Pulsed X-ray sources necessitate sample-conserving injection strategies to minimize waste.
  • Fixed-target delivery systems are emerging as efficient methods for X-ray crystallography, offering high crystal hit rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel fixed-target microfluidic system for protein microcrystal delivery in X-ray crystallography.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability for high-quality diffraction data collection and structure determination.
  • To assess the device's compatibility with vacuum environments and new X-ray sources.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a fixed-target microfluidic device using cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with up to 18,000 crystal traps per device.
  • Delivery of protein microcrystals (up to 50 μm) to X-ray beams for diffraction data collection.
  • Serial crystallography experiments conducted on lysozyme at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility-Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS) beamline ID29.

Main Results:

  • A 1.6 Å crystal structure of lysozyme was successfully solved using the COC device.
  • The device demonstrated high-quality data generation from macromolecular crystals.
  • The fixed-target design is vacuum-compatible, suitable for use with compact X-ray light sources (CXLS).

Conclusions:

  • The novel COC fixed-target microfluidic system is effective for serial X-ray crystallography.
  • This technology holds significant potential for advancing protein structure determination.
  • The system is compatible with current and future X-ray radiation sources, including CXLS.