Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.0K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.0K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.0K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.0K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

2.9K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
2.9K
Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

1.8K
Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
1.8K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

20.6K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Machine learning-accelerated screening of hydroquinone analogs for proton-coupled electron transfer.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

A Structurally Analogous Series of Mn(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) Complexes Which Exhibit Three Distinct Reactivities with Dioxygen.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Million-Fold Activation of C-H Bonds by Fluorinated Nonheme Fe<sup>IV</sup>=O Complexes <i>via</i> Second Sphere Equatorial Substitution and Catalytic Epoxidation to Boot.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same author

A Homogeneously Catalyzed Paired Electrolytic Cell for Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A Dinuclear Iron(II) Persulfide Complex Reacts with O<sub>2</sub> to Give Sulfite: Relevance to Persulfide Dioxygenases.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Computational Modeling and Self-Assembly Synthesis of Borazine-Based Free-Standing Molecular-Thin Films.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.2K

Enhanced Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactivity by a Mononuclear Nickel(II) Hydroxide Radical Complex.

Daniel Ye1, Tong Wu1, Ankita Puri1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a nickel hydroxide (NiOH) complex with a redox-active ligand capable of three oxidation states. The complex exhibits unique reactivity in hydrogen atom abstraction, with a key intermediate showing enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) kinetics.

More Related Videos

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.1K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.2K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.1K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Redox Chemistry

Background:

  • Development of novel metal complexes with tunable redox properties is crucial for catalysis.
  • Nickel hydroxide complexes are of interest due to their potential in various chemical transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a NiOH core with a tridentate redox-active ligand.
  • To investigate the electrochemical behavior and reactivity of the NiOH complex in different oxidation states.
  • To explore its potential in hydrogen atom abstraction reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Cyclic voltammetry to determine redox potentials.
  • Spectroscopic and computational methods for characterization.
  • Reactivity studies involving hydrogen atom abstraction from organic substrates.

Main Results:

  • A square-planar NiOH core stabilized by intramolecular H-bonding was synthesized and characterized.
  • The complex exhibits reversible oxidation to three distinct molecular states ([LNiOH]2-, [LNiOH]-, and [LNiOH]).
  • All species are Ni(II) with the ligand adopting catecholate-like, semiquinone-like, and quinone-like forms, respectively.
  • The NiOH species facilitate H-atom abstraction, with [LNiOH]- acting as a 1H+/1e- oxidant and [LNiOH] as a 2H+/2e- oxidant.
  • [LNiOH]- demonstrates faster proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) kinetics than [LNiOH] despite lower thermochemical driving force.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized NiOH complex with a redox-active ligand offers multiple accessible oxidation states.
  • The complex's ability to promote H-atom abstraction highlights its catalytic potential.
  • The enhanced PCET reactivity of the [LNiOH]- intermediate is attributed to its unique stereoelectronic structure, combining radical character with a basic NiOH core.