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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Testing cognitive normal for Alzheimer's disease prediction.

Jie Meng1, Peng Lei2

  • 1Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Early Alzheimer's diagnosis is key. A study links plasma acylcarnitines (ACs) to amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology, suggesting ACs as potential early biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseAβ pathologymedium‐ and long‐chain acylcarnitinesplasma ptau181

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a critical challenge, hindering timely therapeutic interventions.
  • Previous research indicated a link between plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (ptau181) and plasma metabolites, specifically medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (ACs).
  • This association was observed in both amyloid-beta negative (Aβ-) and amyloid-beta positive (Aβ+) cognitively normal (CN) older adults.

Discussion:

  • The findings suggest a connection between the initial stages of Aβ pathology in AD and the energy metabolism pathways influenced by ACs.
  • Acylcarnitines demonstrated the ability to differentiate between individuals with and without Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) positivity in elderly populations.
  • This highlights the potential role of metabolic dysregulation in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Key Insights:

  • Plasma ACs are associated with early Aβ pathology in cognitively normal individuals.
  • ACs can serve as potential biomarkers to classify Aβ PET status.
  • Metabolic pathways involving ACs are linked to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into ACs could lead to novel, non-invasive biomarkers for early AD detection.
  • Understanding the interplay between Aβ pathology and acylcarnitine metabolism may reveal new therapeutic targets for AD.
  • This research opens avenues for exploring metabolic interventions to mitigate AD progression.