Prevalence of cardiac implantable electronic device infections in Germany in 2015

The placement of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) comes with a risk of adverse events (AE). AE comprise complications associated with the procedure and the device. CIED infection is a severe AE. Reported CIED infection rates are regionally differing and publications of contemporary large cohort data regarding CIED infections for Germany are lacking. This investigation provides rates of CIED infection related hospital admission and CIED infection related mortality in Germany. Data from Germany's largest healthcare insurance fund was screened for CIED procedures during the period: January to December 2015. These data included placement, revision with aim to up- or downgrade, generator substitution, early revision and partial or complete extraction using specific procedure codes for reimbursement. Among the total population of beneficiaries undergoing CIED procedures, International Classification of Diseases codes (ICD 10 GM), operational and procedural codes for partial or complete hardware removal were used to identify CIED infections and lead related endocarditis. To report the corresponding mortality rates, the hospital discharge status was documented. In 2015, from a population of more than 27 million beneficiaries, we identified the cohort of 60,296 patients (57.3% male) who underwent any invasive CIED procedure. Within three months from the index procedure, 1,595 patients developed a major CIED infection. 1,129 (1.87%) were related to the generator pocket and 466 (0.8%) were related to the transvenous proportions of the leads, mortality after those infections was 8.4% and 15.24%, respectively. In summary, our data reveals a higher prevalence of acute CIED infection than previously noted. The elevated number of additional procedures in cases of CIED infection implies a deficiency in infection awareness.