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Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide in Migraine and Tension-Type Headache in Children During Interictal Period

Jadranka Sekelj Fures1,2, Vlasta Duranovic1, Jasna Lenicek Krleza3,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Elevated serum calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels indicate pediatric migraine, differing by migraine type and age of onset. This finding clarifies CGRP

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is extensively studied in adult migraine, but its role in childhood migraine is less understood.
  • Pediatric headache disorders, including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), significantly impact children's quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum CGRP levels in children with migraine and TTH during interictal periods.
  • To compare CGRP levels between pediatric migraine patients, TTH patients, and healthy controls.
  • To explore the influence of migraine type (with aura vs. without aura) and age of onset on CGRP levels.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify serum CGRP levels.
  • Participants included 66 migraine patients, 59 TTH patients, and 53 age-matched healthy controls.
  • Patients were stratified by headache onset age: under 7, 7-12, and over 12 years.

Main Results:

  • Migraine patients exhibited significantly higher serum CGRP levels compared to TTH patients and controls (p < 0.001).
  • No significant difference in CGRP levels was observed between TTH patients and controls.
  • Migraine without aura (MO) patients showed higher CGRP levels than migraine with aura (MA) patients. In preadolescent MA patients (onset 7-12 years), CGRP levels were lower than in MO patients.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum CGRP is a potential biomarker for pediatric migraine.
  • CGRP levels in pediatric migraine vary based on migraine phenotype and age of onset.
  • Findings suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in pediatric migraine subtypes, particularly concerning CGRP involvement in preadolescence.

Keywords:
CGRPpediatric migrainepediatric tension-type headache

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