Recent Advances in DNA Origami-Enabled Optical Biosensors for Multi-Scenario Application

Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in DNA origami technology due to the unrivaled self-assembly properties of DNA molecules. As a highly programmable, addressable, and biocompatible nanomaterial, DNA origami has found widespread applications in biomedicine, such as cell scaffold construction, antimicrobial drug delivery, and supramolecular enzyme assembly. To expand the scope of DNA origami application scenarios, researchers have developed DNA origami structures capable of actively identifying and quantitatively reporting targets. Optical DNA origami biosensors are promising due to their fast-to-use, sensitive, and easy implementation. However, the conversion of DNA origami to optical biosensors is still in its infancy stage, and related strategies have not been systematically summarized, increasing the difficulty of guiding subsequent researchers. Therefore, this review focuses on the universal strategies that endow DNA origami with dynamic responsiveness from both de novo design and current DNA origami modification. Various applications of DNA origami biosensors are also discussed. Additionally, we highlight the advantages of DNA origami biosensors, which offer a single-molecule resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio as an alternative to traditional analytical techniques. We believe that over the next decade, researchers will continue to transform DNA origami into optical biosensors and explore their infinite possible uses.