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Automated Systems with Fluorescence Detection for Metal Determination: A Review.

Arina Skok¹, Natalia Manousi², Aristidis Anthemidis²

¹Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 17, 2024

Summary

Automated fluorescent detection methods significantly enhance metal determination accuracy and sensitivity. Flow-injection analysis (FIA) and chromatography-based techniques are predominant for safer, faster environmental analysis.

Keywords:

automation flow-injection analysis fluorescence detection metal determination sequential injection analysis

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Industrialization has increased environmental pollution by hazardous chemicals, particularly metals.
Accurate determination of metals is crucial for public safety and environmental monitoring.
Automation in analytical methods offers faster, more sensitive, and safer analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review automated analytical methods with fluorescent detection for metal determination developed since 2000.
To identify predominant techniques and detection systems in metal analysis.
To assess the performance and advantages of automated methods over manual systems.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature published since 2000 on automated metal determination.
Focus on methods employing fluorescent detection.
Categorization of techniques including flow-injection analysis (FIA), sequential injection analysis (SIA), and chromatography-based methods.
Comparison of preconcentration strategies (solid-phase vs. liquid-phase) and detector types (atomic vs. molecular fluorescence).

Main Results:

Flow-injection analysis (FIA), particularly with solid-phase preconcentration, is the predominant technique.
FIA systems are more widespread than sequential injection analysis (SIA) systems.
Chromatography-based methods are also significantly utilized.
Atomic fluorescence detectors are more prevalent than molecular fluorescence detectors.
Most reviewed methods exhibit excellent figures of merit and performance characteristics.

Conclusions:

Automated fluorescent detection methods provide superior performance for metal determination compared to manual systems.
FIA and chromatography-based techniques, coupled with atomic fluorescence detection, are key advancements in environmental metal analysis.
The trend towards automation enhances analytical efficiency, sensitivity, and analyst safety.