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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
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Rotation of Asymmetric Top01:11

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By definition, a spherically symmetric body has the same moment of inertia about any axis passing through its center of mass. This situation changes if there is no spherical symmetry. Since most rigid bodies are not spherically symmetric, these require special treatment.
The relationship between the angular momentum of any rigid body and its angular velocity, both of which are vectors, involves the moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a scalar quantity only for spherically symmetric...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I01:37

Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I

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If angular acceleration is constant, then we can simplify equations of rotational kinematics, similar to the equations of linear kinematics. This simplified set of equations can be used to describe many applications in physics and engineering where the angular acceleration of a system is constant.
Using our intuition, we can begin to see how rotational quantities such as angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time are related to one another. For example, if a flywheel...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - II01:16

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Kinematics is the description of motion. The kinematics of rotational motion discusses the relationships between rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time. One can describe many things with great precision using kinematics, but kinematics does not consider causes. For example, a large angular acceleration describes a very rapid change in angular velocity without any consideration of its cause. Thus, rotational kinematics does not represent the laws of nature.
The first...
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Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

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Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface....
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Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis01:26

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A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
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Metacarpal rotational osteotomy.

M S Gross, R H Gelberman

    The Journal of Hand Surgery
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured metacarpal rotation and phalangeal correction in cadaver hands. Basal metacarpal osteotomy is recommended for correcting finger malrotation, with a predictive table available.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Anatomy
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Finger malrotation can significantly impact hand function.
    • Understanding the rotational and corrective capabilities of metacarpophalangeal joints is crucial for surgical planning.
    • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the rotational limits and corrective potential within individual digits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the maximum metacarpal rotation and associated phalangeal correction in human cadaver hands.
    • To identify anatomical structures that limit metacarpal and phalangeal rotation.
    • To establish guidelines for surgical correction of finger malrotation using basal metacarpal osteotomy.

    Main Methods:

    • Eighty fingers from 40 human cadaver hands were utilized.
    • Maximum metacarpal rotation and subsequent phalangeal correction were measured.
    • The influence of metacarpophalangeal joint orientation and the deep transverse metacarpal ligament on rotation was assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Metacarpal rotation averaged 50-52 degrees in the index, long, and ring fingers, and 69 degrees in the small finger.
    • Phalangeal correction averaged 36-37 degrees in the index, long, and ring fingers, and 50 degrees in the small finger.
    • The deep transverse metacarpal ligament was identified as a limiting factor for rotation.

    Conclusions:

    • Basal metacarpal osteotomy is a suitable procedure for correcting finger malrotation, offering an average correction of 18-19 degrees for index, long, and ring fingers.
    • Correction of up to 20-30 degrees is feasible for the small finger.
    • A predictive table has been developed to guide correction based on individual digit characteristics.