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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...

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Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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Functional wrist motion: a biomechanical study.

A K Palmer, F W Werner, D Murphy

    The Journal of Hand Surgery
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured functional wrist motion using a triaxial electrogoniometer in 10 healthy individuals. Normal wrist motion includes three degrees of freedom and specific ranges for flexion, extension, and deviation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human physiology
    • Orthopedics

    Background:

    • Understanding the normal range of motion for the wrist is crucial for diagnosing and treating various musculoskeletal conditions.
    • Previous methods for measuring wrist motion may lack precision or fail to capture all degrees of freedom.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To precisely quantify the functional range of motion of the human wrist joint.
    • To establish normative data for wrist flexion-extension, radioulnar deviation, and rotation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a triaxial electrogoniometer for objective measurement of wrist joint kinematics.
    • Evaluated 10 healthy subjects performing 52 standardized functional tasks.
    • Analyzed wrist motion across three primary degrees of freedom: flexion-extension, radioulnar deviation, and rotation.

    Main Results:

    • The wrist joint exhibits three degrees of freedom: flexion-extension, radioulnar deviation, and rotation.
    • Established normal functional ranges: 5° flexion, 30° extension, 10° radial deviation, and 15° ulnar deviation.
    • Data provides a quantitative baseline for healthy wrist joint function.

    Conclusions:

    • The triaxial electrogoniometer is an effective tool for measuring multi-dimensional wrist motion.
    • Defined normative values for functional wrist range of motion are essential for clinical assessment.
    • This study contributes valuable data for the fields of biomechanics and rehabilitation medicine.