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FLASH Radiotherapy: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Obstacles to Its Clinical Application.
Lina Alhaddad1, Andreyan N Osipov2,3,4,5, Sergey Leonov3,6
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus P.O. Box 30621, Syria.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 17, 2024
Summary
FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) uses ultra-high dose rates to potentially improve tumor control while reducing toxicity compared to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Further research and standardized methods are needed for its clinical adoption.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiation Oncology
- Medical Physics
Background:
- Conventional radiotherapy (RT) is crucial for cancer care but limited by ionizing radiation (IR)-induced toxicity.
- FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) utilizes ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), significantly exceeding conventional RT (CONV-RT).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advantages and potential mechanisms of FLASH-RT.
- To identify challenges hindering the clinical integration of FLASH-RT.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature and clinical trial designs for FLASH-RT.
- Analysis of safety, efficacy, and technical requirements for FLASH-RT implementation.
Main Results:
- FLASH-RT shows potential for comparable or improved tumor control with reduced normal tissue toxicity.
- Current adoption of FLASH-RT is limited, necessitating advancements in dosimetry and equipment.
Conclusions:
- FLASH-RT offers a promising alternative to CONV-RT with enhanced safety profiles.
- Accurate dosimetry, reproducible equipment, and further research are critical for successful clinical translation of FLASH-RT.
