Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Experimental Analysis of Apoptotic Thymocyte Engulfment by Macrophages
06:47

Experimental Analysis of Apoptotic Thymocyte Engulfment by Macrophages

Published on: May 24, 2019

7.1K

Functions of TAM Receptors and Ligands Protein S and Gas6 in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease

Teagan Prouse1, Samarpan Majumder2, Rinku Majumder1

  • 1Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptor family and its ligands, Protein S (PS) and growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6), play key roles in cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis. Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for inflammation and fibrosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases cause significant mortality globally.
  • The Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase family is implicated in cardiovascular pathology.
  • Protein S (PS) and growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) are key ligands for TAM receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TAM receptors and their ligands in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
  • To explore the specific functions of TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) and their ligands (PS, Gas6) in cardiovascular health and disease.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the TAM signaling pathway for cardiovascular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TAM receptors, PS, Gas6, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM signaling influences atherosclerosis and post-myocardial infarction injury.
  • Examination of the interplay between TAM receptors, inflammation, and fibrosis in cardiovascular contexts.

Main Results:

  • The Axl-Gas6 interaction significantly impacts cardiovascular disease progression.
  • Mer receptor activation by PS dampens inflammation, offering protection against atherosclerosis.
  • Tyro3 receptor, though less studied, demonstrates a protective role against fibrosis following myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

  • PS, Gas6, and TAM receptors are crucial in regulating atherosclerosis and cardiovascular pathology.
  • Targeting the PS/Gas6/TAM axis presents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing inflammation in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Further research into Tyro3's role in post-myocardial infarction fibrosis could yield novel treatment approaches.
Keywords:
Gas6Protein STAM receptorsapoptosisatherosclerosiscardiovascular diseasemyocardial infarction

More Related Videos

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay11:38

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

3.3K
A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology05:51

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

13.1K

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.3K
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
2.6K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.2K
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
1.8K
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
3.2K
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
8.2K