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An Update on Microbial Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Rachel J Moreno1,2, Paul Ashwood1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Microbial dysbiosis in the gut is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Manipulating the gut microbiome through various methods shows promise for improving ASD behaviors and gastrointestinal issues.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 33 children in the US, characterized by social interaction and communication challenges.
  • Microbial dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract is frequently observed in individuals with ASD, potentially worsening symptoms and immune dysregulation.
  • GI comorbidities are more prevalent in the ASD population, possibly linked to dysbiosis and immune issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of microbial manipulation on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) outcomes.
  • To discuss various methods of microbiome manipulation and their efficacy in ASD.
  • To explore the potential of early-life microbiome interventions for neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on microbiome manipulation in ASD.
  • Analysis of interventions including antibiotics, dietary changes, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
  • Discussion of research on early-life microbiome interventions.

Main Results:

  • Various microbiome manipulation methods have demonstrated varying success in reducing ASD behaviors and GI symptoms.
  • Long-term efficacy of these interventions varies.
  • Early-life intervention is a critical period for neurodevelopment and microbiome manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome manipulation is a promising area of research for managing ASD symptoms and associated GI issues.
  • Further research is needed to optimize interventions and understand long-term effects.
  • Targeting the microbiome early in life may offer significant benefits for neurodevelopment in ASD.

Keywords:
ASDFMTGIantibioticsautismautism spectrum disorderbehaviorbrain–gutdietfetal microbiota transplantgastrointestinal symptomsgutinflammationprebioticsprobioticssynbiotics

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