Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy Development: An Analytical
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera1, Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés2, Cecilia Olvera-Montaño1
1Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Abstract:
DR is a complex complication of DM with multiple biochemical pathways implicated in its genesis and progression. Circulating OS and mitochondrial function biomarkers represent potential candidates in the DR staging system. We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study comparing the OS biomarkers: TAC, GR, NOS, CARB, and hydroperoxydes, as well as mitochondrial function biomarkers: ATP synthase and ATPase activity in healthy volunteers, DM w/o DR, Moderate and Severe NPDR, and PDR. TAC is progressively diminished the more DR progresses to its proliferative stages. GR and NOS may function as biomarkers to differentiate the progression from S NPDR to PDR. CARB may correlate with the progression from M NPDR to S NPDR. Hydroperoxide levels were higher in patients with DR compared to DM w/o DR expressing OS in the early development of DR. ATPase activity is increasingly augmented the more DR progresses and may function as a biomarker that reflects the difference between N PDR and PDR, and ATP synthesis was lower the more DR progressed, being significantly lower compared to DM w/o DR. The behavior of OS and mitochondrial function in several stages of DR may aid in the staging and the prognosis of DR.
