Diabetes Eye Disease Sufferers and Non-Sufferers Are Differentiated by Sleep Hours, Physical Activity, Diet, and...

Diabetic eye disease is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This complication has some direct impact on an individual's well-being and health. Some lifestyle habits have been associated with the incidence of these co-morbidities.

To classify the diabetic population into sufferers or non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease according to lifestyle and demographic variables, and to identify which of these variables are significant for this classification.

The present cross-sectional study based on the NHANES 2011-2020 used the Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis for classifying the diabetic population into sufferers and non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease. The odds ratio (OR) and relative risks (RR) of suffering this diabetes complication of the subgroups formed by the model were studied. The final sample formed 2657 individuals (1537 males and 1120 females).

A 79.4% accuracy was found for the CRT model. The independent variables of sleep hours (100.0%), physical activity (PA) group (92.8%), gender (76.2%), age (46.4%), education level (38.4%), sedentary time (38.1%), and diet (10.0%) were found to be significant for the classification of cases. The variable high alcohol consumption was not found significant. The analysis of the OR and RR of the subgroups formed by the model evidenced greater odds of suffering diabetes eye disease for diabetes sufferers from the inactive and walk/bicycle PA group compared to those from the Low, Moderate, and High PA groups (OR: 1.48 and RR: 1.36), for males compared to females (OR: 1.77 and RR: 1.61), for those sleeping less than 6 h or more than 9 compared to those who sleep between 6 and 8 h (OR: 1.61 and RR: 1.43), and for diabetes sufferers aged over 62 compared to younger ones (OR: 1.53 and RR: 1.40).

sleep hours, PA group, gender, age, education level, sedentary time, and diet are significant variables for classifying the diabetic population into sufferers and non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease. Additionally, being in the inactive or walk/bicycle PA group, being a male, sleeping less than 6 or more than 9 h, and being aged over 62 were identified as risk factors for suffering this diabetes complication.