Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Two Types of Short-Angled Implants Across Various Bone Classifications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biomechanics
• Dental Implantology

Background:

• Dental implant success depends on stress distribution in bone.
• Cortical bone thickness significantly influences stress on implants.
• Different abutment designs may alter stress patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze von Mises stress distribution in dental implants and bone.
• To compare stress in cortical bone for different thicknesses (0.5, 1.5, 3 mm) and abutment types (inclined vs. straight).
• To evaluate the impact of bone quality on implant stress.

Main Methods:

• Finite element analysis (FEA) of a 3D bone model with varying cortical thicknesses.
• Simulation of two short implants: one with a 30° inclined abutment (IA) and one with a 30° straight abutment (II).
• Application of a 120 N vertical force and assessment of stress on peri-implant tissues and implants.

Main Results:

• Reduced cortical bone thickness led to increased stress in the cortical bone for both abutment types.
• Inclined abutment (IA) stresses: 32.56 MPa (3mm), 56.12 MPa (1.5mm), 96.14 MPa (0.5mm).
• Straight abutment (II) stresses: 52.32 MPa (3mm), 76.15 MPa (1.5mm), 126.32 MPa (0.5mm).

Conclusions:

• Thin cortical bone significantly increases stress, raising the risk of overload and bone resorption.
• Straight abutments (II) are associated with higher stress, especially in poor bone quality.
• Inclined abutments (IA) may be preferable for patients with good bone quality and thicker cortical bone.