Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comprehensive Analysis of Cutting-Force Components in Milling Using RQA: Effect of Edge Geometry and Process Parameters.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Degradation of anti-wear additives and tribological properties of engine oils at extended oil change intervals in city buses.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Analysis of Tool Wear in Finish Turning of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication Conditions Observed with Recurrence Quantification Analysis.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart, and Active Elements or Structures.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same author

Polyharmonic Vibrations of Human Middle Ear Implanted by Means of Nonlinear Coupler.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: January 9, 2019

Insights into Human Middle Ear Implants: Uncovered Bistability.

Robert Zablotni¹, Grzegorz Zając², Rafal Rusinek¹

¹Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study models human middle ear implants to understand sound transfer, revealing new operational insights and potential for improved device design. The research enhances comprehension of implant mechanics for better reliability.

Keywords:

bistability implantable middle ear hearing device middle ear dynamics

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Published on: August 4, 2023

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: January 9, 2019

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Published on: August 4, 2023

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Acoustics
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Middle ear implants are crucial for hearing restoration.
Understanding their acoustic performance is vital for efficacy.
Existing models may not fully capture complex implant dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the sound transfer mechanics of human middle ear implants.
To evaluate implant performance using numerical simulations and experimental data.
To investigate the phenomenon of bistability in implant responses.

Main Methods:

A five-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter model was developed.
Numerical simulations were performed for sound transfer estimation.
Results were validated against ASTM standards and temporal bone studies.

Main Results:

The study identified bistability in periodic responses of the implant.
Basins of attraction were mapped for different initial conditions.
New operational solutions were discovered, enhancing system understanding.

Conclusions:

The research provides a deeper theoretical understanding of middle ear implant mechanics.
Findings offer potential for optimizing implant design for improved energy transfer to the cochlea.
This work contributes to the reliability and effectiveness of hearing restoration devices.