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Dissolution Behavior of M5 Cladding in Hydrofluoric-Nitric Mixed Acid.

Ying Chen1, Yandong Sun1, Yang Bai1

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Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
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This study shows that adding nitric acid (HNO3) to hydrofluoric acid (HF) significantly slows M5 cladding dissolution. Nitric acid also prevents corrosion pitting, improving fuel reprocessing and cladding uniformity.

Keywords:
HF-HNO3 mixed acidM5 claddingdissolution kineticspassivation layer

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Materials Science
  • Corrosion Engineering
  • Chemical Reprocessing

Background:

  • M5 cladding is a key material in nuclear fuel due to its corrosion resistance.
  • Understanding M5 cladding dissolution is vital for spent fuel management and reprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dissolution behavior of M5 cladding in hydrofluoric-nitric (HF-HNO3) acid mixtures.
  • To determine the effect of varying HF and HNO3 concentrations on dissolution rates and surface characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental dissolution tests of M5 cladding in HF-HNO3 mixed acids.
  • Surface roughness measurements.
  • Surface structural analysis to elucidate the dissolution mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Exceeding 0.5 mol/L HF concentration, HNO3 addition significantly reduces M5 cladding dissolution rate.
  • HNO3 effectively inhibits HF-induced corrosion pitting, achieving a surface roughness of 0.812 μm at a 1:5 HF:HNO3 ratio.
  • Surface analysis revealed Nb precipitation oxidized to Nb2O5 and M5 matrix oxidized to ZrO2, forming a protective passivation layer.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of a ZrO2 passivation layer on M5 cladding in HF-HNO3 mixed acid inhibits further dissolution.
  • Nitric acid plays a crucial role in controlling M5 cladding dissolution rates and improving surface uniformity, which is beneficial for nuclear fuel reprocessing.