Reduced brain network segregation in alcohol use disorder: Associations with neurocognition

The human brain consists of functionally segregated networks, characterized by strong connections among regions belonging to the same network and weak connections between those of different networks. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with premature brain aging and neurocognitive impairments. Given the link between decreased brain network segregation and age-related cognitive decline, we hypothesized lower brain segregation in patients with AUD than healthy controls (HCs). Thirty AUD patients (9 females, 21 males) and 61 HCs (35 females, 26 males) underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), whose data were processed to assess segregation within the brain sensorimotor and association networks. We found that, compared to HCs, AUD patients had significantly lower segregation in both brain networks as well as poorer performance on a spatial working memory task. In the HC group, brain network segregation correlated negatively with age and positively with spatial working memory. Our findings suggest reduced brain network segregation in individuals with AUD that may contribute to cognitive impairment and is consistent with premature brain aging in this population.