Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reclosers and Fuses

Reclosers and Fuses

Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...

Primary Distribution

Primary Distribution

Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.

Instrument Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...

Transformers in Distribution System

Transformers in Distribution System

Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...

Secondary Distribution

Secondary Distribution

Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: 2 Years Later…Where Are We NOWS?

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026

Same author

Diagnosis of a Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Neonate with POCUS.

POCUS journal·2026

Same author

A dataset of windows malware execution traces.

Data in brief·2025

Same author

The role of abdominal ultrasound in surgical decision making for necrotizing enterocolitis.

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine·2025

Same author

Legal, clinical, and scientific perspectives on formula use and NEC risk in preterm infants.

Pediatric research·2025

Same author

A dataset of windows system binaries and similarity digests for enhanced forensic analysis.

Data in brief·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

A dataset to train intrusion detection systems based on machine learning models for electrical substations.

Esteban Damián Gutiérrez Mlot¹, Jose Saldana¹, Ricardo J Rodríguez²

¹CIRCE Technology Center, Zaragoza, Spain.

|December 17, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a new dataset for electrical substations to train and test cybersecurity Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). The data aids in developing machine learning models for enhanced substation security.

Keywords:

Critical infrastructure Cybersecurity IEC104 IEC60870-5-104 IEC61850 Testbed

More Related Videos

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Cybersecurity
Computer Science

Background:

Increasing integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Operational Technology (OT) environments of electrical substations introduces significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
The need for robust cybersecurity measures is paramount to ensure the reliable operation of power distribution networks.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a comprehensive dataset of electrical substation network traffic for training and benchmarking machine learning-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).
To provide a valuable resource for advancing cybersecurity in critical infrastructure.

Main Methods:

Collected and processed raw network captures and traffic flows from real electrical substations.
Included data on key substation protocols (IEC61850, IEC104, NTP, PTP) and simulated cyberattack traces.
Developed complementary tools for dataset creation and preprocessing to ensure standardization and reproducibility.

Main Results:

A diverse dataset comprising real and simulated substation network traffic, including normal operations and cyberattack scenarios.
The dataset is anonymized and filtered, ensuring privacy and suitability for machine learning model development.
Included tools facilitate consistent and reproducible data handling for cybersecurity research.

Conclusions:

The developed dataset addresses the critical need for high-quality, targeted data for tuning IDS in electrical substations.
This resource will contribute to the development of more effective machine learning models for substation cybersecurity.
Enhancing IDS capabilities is crucial for securing reliable power distribution networks against evolving cyber threats.