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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

26.6K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Pd-Based Multi-Site Catalysts for Selective CO2-to-Methanol Conversion.

Shuang-Long Zhou1, Yu Dai2, Qiang Song3

  • 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel triple-site catalyst (Pd82Bi11In7) for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction to methanol. This advanced catalyst achieves high selectivity and performance in the CO2-to-C1 conversion pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • CO2 electroreduction to C1 products is crucial for sustainable chemistry.
  • Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for selective CO2-to-methanol conversion remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a multi-site palladium-based electrocatalyst for enhanced CO2 electroreduction.
  • To achieve high Faraday efficiency and selectivity for methanol production via the hydrogenation pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a triple-site metallene catalyst (Pd82Bi11In7).
  • Electrochemical characterization of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ERR).
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for electronic structure analysis.

Main Results:

  • The Pd82Bi11In7 catalyst achieved an unprecedented Faraday efficiency of 72.6 ± 1% for methanol production.
  • XPS analysis revealed electron transfer from In and Bi to Pd, creating distinct electron-rich Pd sites and electron-deficient In/Bi sites.
  • The catalyst demonstrated enhanced adsorption of *COOH and *CO intermediates, suppressing formic acid and CO generation.
  • Reduced potential-determining step energy barrier and controlled hydrogenation pathway for direct methanol synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic effect of the triple-site catalyst (Pd82Bi11In7) enables efficient and selective electroreduction of CO2 to methanol.
  • This work presents a promising strategy for designing advanced electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion.