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Updated: May 5, 2026

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
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Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter

James W Antoon1, Justin Z Amarin1,2, Olla Hamdan1

  • 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|December 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nearly half of hospitalized children with influenza do not receive recommended antiviral treatment. Further research is needed to identify and address barriers to guideline adherence for pediatric influenza care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current guidelines recommend prompt antiviral treatment for all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza.
  • However, the actual frequency of antiviral use in this population is not well-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of antiviral receipt among hospitalized children with influenza.
  • To identify factors associated with antiviral treatment in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Active surveillance of children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza A or B was conducted across 7 pediatric medical centers.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with antiviral receipt.

Main Results:

  • Of 1213 children, only 53.8% received antiviral treatment.
  • Factors associated with increased antiviral receipt included specific medical disorders, prehospitalization treatment, clinical influenza testing, and ICU admission.
  • Longer symptom duration (>2 days) was associated with lower odds of treatment, and significant site variation in antiviral receipt was observed.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of hospitalized children with influenza do not receive guideline-recommended antiviral therapy.
  • Understanding and overcoming barriers to antiviral treatment adherence is critical for improving care outcomes in pediatric influenza patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
antiviralsguideline-concordantinfluenzaoseltamivirpediatrics

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