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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Education and mammographic breast density.

Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan1, Kayode A Matthew1, Adetunji T Toriola2,3

  • 1Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Higher education is not linked to mammographic breast density (MBD) when adiposity is considered. Adiposity, particularly body fat percentage, significantly mediates this association, especially in premenopausal women.

Keywords:
AdiposityBody fat%Body mass indexEducationMammographic breast density

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Epidemiology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
  • Previous studies have shown conflicting associations between educational attainment and MBD.
  • Understanding factors influencing MBD is crucial for risk assessment and early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between education level and mammographic breast density (MBD).
  • To determine if adiposity and age mediate the relationship between education and MBD.
  • To explore potential differences in these associations by race and menopausal status.

Main Methods:

  • 1155 women undergoing screening mammography were analyzed.
  • Mammographic breast density was quantified using volumetric percent density (VPD).
  • Generalized linear modeling and mediation analysis were employed to assess associations and mediation by confounders like BMI and body fat percentage.

Main Results:

  • Initially, higher education (college/postgraduate) showed a trend towards higher VPD compared to below college education, after adjusting for age and BMI.
  • This association attenuated significantly when body fat percentage was used instead of BMI.
  • Body fat percentage and BMI substantially mediated the education-VPD association, particularly in premenopausal women (71% and 64% mediation, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Educational attainment is not independently associated with mammographic breast density (MBD) after accounting for adiposity.
  • Adiposity, especially body fat percentage, plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between education and MBD.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering adiposity in understanding socioeconomic disparities in breast density.