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Daily Physical Activity, Sports Participation, and Executive Function in Children.

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Early physical activity did not link to executive function in children. However, team sports participation was associated with better executive function compared to individual sports.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) is crucial for cognitive development and daily functioning in children.
  • The relationship between early physical activity, sports, and EF remains unclear.
  • Understanding these associations can inform interventions promoting cognitive health in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between early-life physical activity and sports participation with executive function in primary school children.
  • To determine if different types of physical activity and sports engagement impact executive function development.
  • To provide insights into optimizing physical activity guidelines for cognitive benefits in children.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study of 880 Dutch children (Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity [GECKO] Drenthe birth cohort).
  • Preschool physical activity (ages 5-6) measured via accelerometry; sports participation (ages 10-11) assessed using a questionnaire.
  • Executive function (ages 10-11) evaluated using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.

Main Results:

  • Moderate to vigorous physical activity in early childhood did not correlate with executive function at ages 10-11.
  • Higher light physical activity was linked to poorer inhibitory control and self-monitoring.
  • Sedentary time was associated with better inhibitory control and self-monitoring.
  • Team sports participation correlated with superior overall executive function, behavior regulation, and metacognition compared to individual sports.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life moderate to vigorous physical activity does not appear to influence executive function in middle childhood.
  • Participation in team sports demonstrates a positive association with enhanced executive function in children.
  • Findings suggest that the type of sports participation, specifically team-based activities, may be more beneficial for executive function development than individual sports or general physical activity levels.