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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

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A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...

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Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Native Valve and Native Neo-Sinus Remodeling Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Joshua Yoon1, Hacina Gill1,2, Julius Jelisejevas1,3,4

  • 1Cardiovascular Translational Laboratory, Providence Research and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.Y., H.G., J.J., A.L., J.G.W., J.S., D.M., S.L.S.).

Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) leaves native valves with ongoing disease activity. The native neo-sinus remodels extensively over time, impacting future valve function and interventions.

Keywords:
aortic valveaortic valve stenosispathologysinus of Valsalvatranscatheter aortic valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) creates a native neo-sinus from the displaced native valve.
  • Limited data exist on native valve disease progression and neo-sinus changes post-TAVR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of native aortic valves and neo-sinuses after TAVR.
  • To understand disease mechanisms and tissue remodeling in the native neo-sinus.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis (H&E, Movat pentachrome, MSB) of explanted native valves and neo-sinuses.
  • Immunohistochemistry for TGF-β1, FAP, and ALP to assess disease activity.

Main Results:

  • Native leaflets showed persistent calcific aortic stenosis-like activity and remodeling (crumpling) after TAVR.
  • Native neo-sinuses exhibited disease activity and extensive remodeling with ECM, calcification, and neovascularization.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing calcific aortic stenosis-like disease and significant neo-sinus remodeling occur post-TAVR.
  • These dynamic tissue changes may influence neo-sinus flow, valve degeneration, and re-intervention strategies.