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Mismatch negativity predicts age-related declines in memory precision.

Ricky Chow1, Stevenson Baker1, Shimin Mo2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Centre for Integrative and Applied Neuroscience, and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada.

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Summary

Auditory perception precision, measured by mismatch negativity (MMN), declines with age. Smaller MMN amplitudes predict poorer memory discrimination, explaining age-related memory precision loss.

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AgingElectroencephalographyEpisodic memoryMismatch negativityMnemonic discriminationPattern separation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Auditory perception precision is crucial for cognitive functions.
  • Aging is associated with declines in sensory and memory processes.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects auditory change detection and encoding efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between auditory perception precision and mnemonic discrimination across the adult lifespan.
  • To determine if MMN amplitude predicts age-related differences in memory precision.
  • To clarify the role of encoding processes in age-related memory decline.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded MMN in 92 adults (18-86 years) using a passive oddball paradigm with tone sequences.
  • Administered a surprise recognition test comparing presented sequences (targets) against similar lures and dissimilar foils.
  • Analyzed MMN amplitude and its correlation with mnemonic discrimination performance and age.

Main Results:

  • MMN amplitudes showed significant attenuation with increasing age.
  • Older adults exhibited poorer performance in discriminating targets from lures and foils.
  • Smaller MMN amplitudes were associated with worse recognition performance across participants.
  • MMN amplitude partially mediated age-related declines in target-lure discriminability.

Conclusions:

  • MMN serves as a reliable electrophysiological marker for mnemonic discrimination.
  • Age-related declines in memory precision at retrieval are partly explained by age-related differences in auditory encoding efficiency (MMN).
  • This study highlights the link between sensory encoding precision and memory performance in aging.