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Depressive Symptoms and HIV Viral Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bishan Huang1,2, Alitasha Younger3,4, Mary P Gallant5
1School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA. bhuang2@albany.edu.
AIDS and Behavior
|December 17, 2024
Summary
Individuals without depression are more likely to achieve HIV viral suppression. Addressing depression in people living with HIV is crucial for improving treatment adherence and health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Mental Health
Background:
- Depression is a known factor affecting health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH).
- Understanding the specific impact of depression on HIV viral suppression is critical for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the association between depression and HIV viral suppression through a meta-analysis.
- To identify specific populations where this association is most pronounced.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, OVID) for studies from 2012-2022.
- Meta-analysis of 16 studies including 80,103 participants, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Random effects model used for analysis, with data abstraction via Rayyan software.
Main Results:
- Individuals without depression were significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.15, 1.48).
- This association was significant in the general PLWH population and cisgender women, but not statistically significant in cisgender men.
- Subgroup analysis showed a positive association between absence of depression and viral suppression in cisgender women (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.09, 1.50).
Conclusions:
- Absence of depression is positively associated with achieving HIV viral suppression, particularly in cisgender women.
- Public health interventions for PLWH must integrate strategies for identifying and managing depressive symptoms.
- Addressing depression can improve treatment adherence, reduce co-morbidities, and mitigate factors hindering viral suppression.
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