Exploring the antidiabetic activity of potential probiotic bacteria isolated from traditional fermented beverage

Type 2 Diabetes continues to be one of the major public health issues worldwide without any sustainable cure. The modulation of gut microbiota is believed to be caused by probiotic bacteria and several probiotic strains have previously shown antidiabetic activity. The present study aims to isolate potential probiotic bacteria from traditionally used fermented rice beer of Assam, India and to investigate its anti-hyperglycemic effect. Of the 20 isolated bacterial isolates, 5 isolates showed potential probiotic activities, of which, 2 isolates viz. Bacillus sp. FRB_A(A) and Acetobacter sp. FRB_B(S) showed good in vitro anti-oxidant and anti α-glucosidase activities. Based on the in vitro results, isolate Bacillus sp. FRB_A(A) was further used to evaluate the antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. After 21 days, the blood glucose level in diabetic rats with probiotic administration significantly lowered from 458.00 ± 46.62 mg/dl to 108.20 ± 6.76 mg/dl (p < 0.001), whereas, in diabetic rats without probiotic remained high (576.20 ± 29.48 mg/dl). On analyzing the endogenous antioxidant profile in various tissues of the experimental rats, reduced lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were observed in probiotic administered rats in comparison to the streptozotocin treated diabetic controls. In conclusion, the bacteria Bacillus sp. FRB_A(A) isolated from fermented rice beer possesses probiotic attributes and exhibits significant anti-hyperglycemic activities.