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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Tutorial on In Situ and Operando (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Nanoscale

Michelle A Smeaton1, Patricia Abellan2, Steven R Spurgeon1,3

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ACS Nano
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
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In situ and operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides atomic-scale insights into materials. This guide helps researchers understand factors for successful experiments and data interpretation.

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in situ, operando, (S)TEMnanoscale structure−property relationshipstutorial

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • In situ and operando (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) is crucial for understanding material properties at the nano-to-atomic scale.
  • This technique offers insights into structure-property relationships by analyzing samples under dynamic conditions.
  • The complexity arises from numerous factors influencing data acquisition during environmental exposure or external stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide students, collaborators, and nonspecialists in conducting successful in situ and operando (S)TEM experiments.
  • To assist in evaluating the value and reliability of results obtained from these advanced microscopy techniques.
  • To provide an overview of critical factors impacting experimental success and data interpretation in dynamic TEM studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy within (S)TEM.
  • Encompasses environmental exposure and application of external stimuli to samples.
  • Leverages advancements in precision, dynamic tracking, reproducibility, and analytical tools over the past two decades.

Main Results:

  • In situ and operando (S)TEM methods have significantly diversified and improved.
  • Commercialized products and community sharing have facilitated wider adoption and training.
  • Key factors influencing experimental success and data assessment are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Successful in situ and operando (S)TEM experiments require careful consideration of multiple factors.
  • The technique provides invaluable nano-to-atomic scale insights into materials under dynamic conditions.
  • This tutorial serves as an introductory guide, encouraging further exploration of specialized resources for in-depth understanding.