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Sensing Thermophoretic Forces by Nanoplasmonic Actuators with Interferometric Scattering Readout.

Yixin Mei¹, Aidan Oi¹, Leslie Velasco¹

¹Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.

|December 18, 2024

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Noble metal nanoparticles act as heat sources, generating forces that pull them toward a gold film. This thermophoretic effect is detected by changes in their light scattering signal.

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Plasmonics
Surface Science

Background:

Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are nanoscale heat sources.
Temperature gradients from NPs induce thermophoretic forces.
These forces can influence NP behavior and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate 20 nm silver (Ag) NPs on a gold (Au) film as nanoplasmonic actuators.
Utilize NPs as optical sensors for displacement-induced forces.
Characterize the thermophoretic forces acting on NPs near a metal surface.

Main Methods:

Using 20 nm Ag NPs tethered to a 20 nm Au film.
Employing interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy to monitor NP behavior.
Analyzing distance-dependent damping of NP scattering signals.

Keywords:

Force Sensors Interferometric Scattering Microscopy Nanoplasmonics Tethered Nanoparticle Motion Thermophoretic Forces

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Main Results:

Observed a continuous decay in the NP iSCAT signal under incident power densities (1.40–4.80 kW cm⁻²).
Interpreted the signal decay as a decrease in NP-film separation.
Attributed the separation decrease to an attractive thermophoretic force.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated that nanoplasmonic actuators can generate detectable thermophoretic forces.
Validated the use of iSCAT for sensing forces that alter NP-film distance.
Confirmed an attractive thermophoretic force acting on Ag NPs near the Au film.