Intraventricular Glioblastoma in a Neonate: A Case Report and Literature Review

Intraventricular glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely rare disease, with few cases reported in the literature. Here, we present a surgically managed case of an intraventricular GBM in a 54-day-old infant with a long-term follow-up period. The 54-day-old full-term male infant presented to the emergency department due to an increase in head size since the age of 21 days, associated with vomiting after feeding. His past medical history and systemic inquiries were unremarkable. On examination, his head circumference was above the 97th centile. His neurological examination was normal except for hyperreflexia in the lower limbs. Brain imaging showed a supratentorial extra-axial mass occupying the body of the right lateral ventricle. The infant underwent a temporoparietal craniotomy for excision of the intraventricular tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pediatric-type glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type. The 10-year postoperative follow-up revealed global developmental delay and seizures, which were controlled with levetiracetam. During this period, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence. Intraventricular GBM is considered rare, particularly in the pediatric age group. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. Histopathological examination is necessary to establish the diagnosis and predict the outcome. Despite the poor prognosis associated with intraventricular GBM, our patient demonstrated long-term survival and remained free of recurrence throughout the 10-year follow-up period after surgical excision.