Systemic Effects of Molar and Incisor Biting on Walking Direction With and Without Visual Feedback

Gait stability and walking direction control are conventionally attributed to coordination among somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems. Recent evidence of functional interdependence between masticatory and neuromuscular systems indicates that the stomatognathic system is neurologically integrated with various body systems relevant to movement planning and execution. This study investigated the effects of unilateral molar biting and incisor biting on walking with and without visual feedback. A cohort of 31 healthy young adults aged 21 to 30 years (average age of 23.93 ± 1.89) participated in this study. Three types of errors in walking direction (angle error, position error, and curve error) were computed. Our findings indicate that, in right-handed individuals, irrespective of visual feedback, unilateral biting caused systematic deviations toward the biting side from initiation to termination of walking. The consistent deviation in walking, particularly during unilateral right biting conditions in right-handed individuals, may indicate a complex interplay between masticatory function and gait control mechanism, potentially influenced by handedness and motor lateralization within the cortex. This study establishes a foundation for future research exploring the interrelation between bite location, visual feedback, and motor control in diverse populations. This research may provide insight for more efficient interventions for gait-related disorders.