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Cognition, function, and mood post-COVID-19: Comparative analysis using the health and retirement study
Han Su1, Pei-Lin Yang2, Tammy L Eaton3,4
1School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
Plos One
|December 18, 2024
Summary
Millions of Americans experience post-COVID conditions (PCC), including cognitive and functional impairments. This study highlights increased risks following COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the need for awareness and intervention.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Millions suffer from post-COVID conditions (PCC), yet research often lacks pre-illness data.
- Understanding PCC prevalence and risk factors requires controlling for pre-illness health status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine PCC prevalence, including cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and depressive symptoms.
- To identify risk factors for PCC, controlling for pre-illness status.
- To compare PCC in COVID-19 survivors versus uninfected individuals.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study using Health and Retirement Study data (2018, 2020).
- Included individuals with (n=409) and without (n=8689) COVID-19.
- Assessed cognition, functional status (ADLs), and depressive symptoms; logistic regression and propensity score matching used.
Main Results:
- 24% of COVID-19 survivors developed new impairments.
- Significant increases in functional limitation and depressive symptoms post-COVID-19 compared to baseline and uninfected groups.
- PCC risk factors included pre-existing impairments, lower education, female gender, hospitalization, comorbidities, and lower wealth.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 infection increases the risk of functional limitation, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms.
- A significant number of individuals, particularly older adults, experienced PCC without awareness.
- Addressing PCC requires both subjective and objective assessments to mitigate individual and societal burdens.
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