Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2025
09:12
The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
70.7K
Defining harmful news reporting on community firearm violence: A modified Delphi consensus study
Jessica H Beard1,2, Evan L Eschliman3, Anita Wamakima1
1Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
Plos One
|December 18, 2024
Summary
Researchers defined harmful news reporting on community firearm violence (CFV) using expert consensus. This research identifies 12 harmful news elements and their severity to reduce health disparities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Media Studies
- Criminology
Background:
- Community firearm violence (CFV) disproportionately affects marginalized racial groups.
- News reporting on CFV can worsen existing harms.
- A lack of consensus on defining harmful reporting hinders research on its effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a consensus definition of harmful news reporting on community firearm violence.
- To identify specific news content elements that constitute harmful reporting.
- To rate the severity of harm caused by these elements at individual, community, and societal levels.
Main Methods:
- A modified three-round Delphi process involving 21 diverse stakeholders (lived experience, journalism, scholarship).
- Panelists assessed consensus on 12 news content elements, rated their severity of harm, and agreed/disagreed with median ratings.
- Data analysis focused on achieving expert consensus on harmful reporting elements and their impact.
Main Results:
- The study defined 12 elements of harmful news reporting on CFV through expert consensus.
- Panelists assigned moderate to severe harm ratings to most news content elements across individual, community, and societal levels.
- High agreement was reached on the severity ratings for each element at each harm level.
Conclusions:
- A consensus definition of harmful news reporting on CFV was established, including 12 key elements and their severity.
- These findings provide a foundation for evaluating and intervening on harmful media practices related to CFV.
- Addressing harmful reporting can mitigate health disparities and support public health efforts.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:01Group Design
8.9K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
8.9K
02:16Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
03:26Framing Effects
7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K
02:09Bystander Effect
9.5K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
9.5K
01:22Bias
3.7K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
3.7K