Adult-onset dysphagia

Dysphagia, characterised by a difficulty in swallowing, stems from various causes and is frequently encountered in general practice. The rise in dysphagia in Australia's ageing population necessitates proper management to prevent complications. Recognising and managing dysphagia improves outcomes and quality of life, and reduces secondary complications.

This article assists physicians through the work-up and management of dysphagia.

Dysphagia, resulting from upper aerodigestive tract disruptions, can be categorised anatomically (oropharyngeal, oesophageal) or by pathophysiology (motility, obstructive). It imposes a substantial community disease burden with high morbidity and mortality rates. Dysphagia might lead to aspiration, malnutrition and poor mental health. A holistic approach involving primary and tertiary specialists, allied health, family and carers is vital. Depending on the aetiology, dysphagia is often treated conservatively in the community; however, complex cases often require a multifaceted approach and integration of multiple specialties.