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Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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Related Experiment Video

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Plasma Transcriptome Profile Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.

Anvesha Srivastava1, Mark Maienschein-Cline2, Richard L Amdur3

  • 1Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

American Journal of Nephrology
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Plasma mRNA profiles can predict fast kidney disease progression. Identifying differentially expressed genes may lead to novel biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk stratification and targeted therapies.

Keywords:
Circulatory RNAEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionFibrosisNOTCHNetrin signalingWNT/β-catenin signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Understanding molecular signals is crucial for kidney disease management.
  • RNA-sequencing advances enable extracellular transcriptome profiling for diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify plasma mRNA profiles associated with varying rates of kidney disease progression.
  • To discover potential biomarkers for fast chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated plasma mRNA profiles in slow vs. fast CKD progressors (n=119 each) from the CRIC cohort.
  • Used next-generation sequencing and edgeR for differential gene expression analysis.
  • Compared plasma DEGs with gene expression in microdissected CKD kidney tissue.

Main Results:

  • Identified 783 differentially expressed transcripts between slow and fast CKD progressors.
  • Found 469 protein-coding genes overexpressed in slow progressors and 157 in fast progressors.
  • Linked differentially expressed genes to WNT/β-catenin, IL-12, Netrin-1 signaling, and EMT pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating aberrantly expressed transcripts show potential as biomarkers for fast CKD progression.
  • Further validation is warranted for clinical application.