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Factor XIII-A Transglutaminase Contributes to Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-mediated Fibrin(ogen) Network

Fatemeh Soltani1, Mélanie Welman2, Sahar Ebrahimi Samani1

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Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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Neutrophils contain and activate Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), a transglutaminase that stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by crosslinking fibrinogen. This finding reveals a novel role for neutrophils in thrombosis and NET structure formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to thrombosis by stabilizing fibrin networks.
  • Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A) is a plasma transglutaminase crucial for fibrin stabilization.
  • The presence and activity of FXIII-A within neutrophils during NETosis were previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential presence and activity of FXIII-A in neutrophils.
  • To determine FXIII-A's role in the interaction between NETs and fibrin(ogen).

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing data mining for F13A1/F13a1 expression in human and mouse neutrophils.
  • Assessing F13a1 mRNA and protein expression in isolated mouse neutrophils.
  • Inducing NETosis with PMA and measuring transglutaminase activity via biotinamido-pentylamine incorporation and a fluorescence-based assay.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to examine FXIII-A externalization and colocalization with NET markers (DNA, CitH3, MPO).
  • Investigating NET-fibrin(ogen) interaction with and without serum or FXIII-A inhibitor (NC9).

Main Results:

  • F13A1/F13a1 mRNA and protein expression were confirmed in neutrophils, comparable to macrophages and monocytes.
  • FXIII-A was externalized, active as a transglutaminase, and colocalized with NET markers during NETosis.
  • FXIII-A activity promoted NET-fibrin(ogen) interaction and neutrophil entrapment within the fibrin(ogen) matrix.
  • Soluble fibrinogen or fibrinogen networks did not induce NETosis.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophils are identified as a source of FXIII-A.
  • FXIII-A plays a role in stabilizing NET-fibrin(ogen) matrix structures.
  • This suggests a novel mechanism linking neutrophils, NETs, and thrombosis.