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Invited review: Udder cleft dermatitis in dairy cows.

A-S Vermeersch1, R Ducatelle2, P Geldhof3

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Summary

Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) in dairy cows is a painful skin condition with many risk factors. Current research is clarifying its causes and identifying potential treatments for this challenging disease.

Keywords:
dairy cowmicrobiomerisk factorsudder cleft dermatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Dairy Cattle Health
  • Animal Microbiology

Background:

  • Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a prevalent skin condition affecting dairy cows, often multifactorial.
  • Limited literature exists on UCD, with varying prevalence reported across studies.
  • Known risk factors include husbandry, environmental conditions, and cow-specific traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assimilate existing literature on the prevalence and risk factors of UCD.
  • To provide insights into the pathogenesis of UCD through recent studies.
  • To highlight the current knowledge gaps in UCD treatment and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of cow-related factors (conformation, parity, lactation) and environmental influences.
  • Multiomics analysis (transcriptomic and metagenomic) of severe UCD cases.

Main Results:

  • UCD is associated with chronic inflammation, impaired skin barrier, and dysbiosis.
  • A decrease in microbial diversity and overgrowth of opportunistic bacteria are observed.
  • Multiomics revealed negative interactions between Streptococcus pyogenes, virulence factors, and the host transcriptome.
  • Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is not influenced by UCD, despite links to mastitis and culling.

Conclusions:

  • UCD is a painful condition with numerous identified risk factors.
  • Pathogenesis involves dysregulated inflammation, skin barrier defects, and microbial shifts.
  • Effective curative treatments and prevention strategies are yet to be established, though alginogels show promise for severe lesions.