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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Spray drying process challenges and considerations for inhaled biologics.

Sadegh Poozesh1, Patrick Connaughton2, Scott Sides2

  • 1Dosage Form Design & Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spray drying offers advantages for inhaled biologics, but challenges in protein degradation and process scale-up require careful management. This review details strategies for optimizing spray drying from preparation to powder handling.

Keywords:
Biopharmaceutical processingDrug product inhalerInhaled biologicsParticle engineeringProtein degradationSpray drying

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Bioprocessing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spray drying is advantageous for producing inhaled biologics due to controlled particle attributes.
  • Addressing challenges in the end-to-end spray-drying process is crucial for leveraging its benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of spray-drying challenges for biologics, focusing on protein degradation.
  • To delineate the entire spray-drying process, including preparation, drying, and powder handling.
  • To examine scale-up bottlenecks and present industry-relevant mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on spray drying of biologics.
  • Analysis of protein degradation mechanisms and assessment tools.
  • Examination of process stages: feed solution preparation, spray drying, and bulk powder handling.
  • Discussion of scale-up challenges and control strategies.

Main Results:

  • Spray drying offers fine-tuned particle attributes for inhaled biologics.
  • Protein degradation is a key challenge, with various mechanisms identified.
  • Scale-up presents significant bottlenecks requiring specific mitigation strategies.
  • Analytical tools are essential for assessing protein integrity and aerosol performance.

Conclusions:

  • Successful spray drying of biologics requires addressing challenges in protein degradation and process control.
  • Industry-relevant strategies can mitigate risks during scale-up.
  • Emerging trends may enhance future spray-drying technologies for biologics.