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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Impaired Contour Object Perception in Psychosis.

Rohit S Kamath1, Kimberly B Weldon2, Hannah R Moser1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contour integration, crucial for visual perception, is impaired in people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP). This deficit, particularly evident in schizophrenia, is linked to abnormal brain connectivity and cognitive dysfunction.

Keywords:
Biological relativesBipolar disorderContour integrationFunctional MRIFunctional connectivitySchizophreniaVisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Contour integration, the ability to perceive unified lines from disparate elements, is known to be impaired in schizophrenia.
  • Emerging evidence suggests this deficit may be linked to broader psychotic symptomatology rather than schizophrenia exclusively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate contour integration deficits in a transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychotic psychopathology.
  • To explore the neural underpinnings of these deficits using ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • A psychophysical behavioral task was employed to quantify contour perception.
  • 7T fMRI was used to measure brain activity and functional connectivity during an analogous contour perception task.
  • Participants included individuals with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP), healthy controls, and biological relatives.

Main Results:

  • People with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP) exhibited impaired contour discrimination compared to controls and relatives.
  • Individuals with schizophrenia showed poorer performance than those with bipolar disorder.
  • fMRI revealed heightened lateral occipital cortex responses and abnormal visual brain connectivity in PwPP, particularly when distinguishing targets from distractors.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support impaired contour integration in psychotic psychopathology, especially schizophrenia.
  • This deficit is associated with cognitive dysfunction and may stem from aberrant functional connectivity in visual processing regions.
  • A failure to suppress background noise may contribute to impaired contour processing in PwPP.