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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

220
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
220
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

211
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
211
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

303
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
303
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

133
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
133
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

170
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

120
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
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Concomitant Interstitial Pneumonia and Disseminated BCG Infection after Intravesical BCG Therapy.

Fumi Mochizuki1, Midori Hanazawa1, Manabu Komine2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A patient developed fever and lung abnormalities after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer. Disseminated BCG infection was confirmed, highlighting the need to consider this diagnosis in similar cases.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium bovis BCGdisseminated BCG infectioninterstitial pneumoniaintravesical BCG

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  • Complications following BCG therapy can include systemic infection, although rare.
  • Interstitial pneumonia is a potential pulmonary manifestation after BCG instillation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of disseminated BCG infection presenting as interstitial pneumonia after intravesical BCG therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering BCG infection in patients with pulmonary symptoms post-treatment.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and the role of imaging and microbiological analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an 83-year-old male patient with persistent fever post-BCG therapy.
  • Diagnostic workup included chest computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
  • Sputum cultures and respiratory specimen analysis for Mycobacterium bovis BCG were performed.

Main Results:

  • Chest CT revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities and micronodules suggestive of interstitial pneumonia.
  • BAL fluid showed lymphocyte predominance and a high CD4/CD8 ratio.
  • Mycobacterium bovis BCG was eventually identified in sputum cultures 50 days after admission, confirming disseminated infection.

Conclusions:

  • Concomitant interstitial pneumonia and BCG infection should be considered in patients with abnormal chest imaging after intravesical BCG therapy.
  • Early recognition and appropriate anti-tuberculosis treatment are crucial for managing disseminated BCG infection.
  • This case underscores the potential for severe systemic complications following BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.