Model-based conceptualization of thyroid hormone equilibrium via set point and stability behavior

The HPT complex, consisting of the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, functions as a regulated system controlled by the respective hormones. This system maintains an intrinsic equilibrium, called the set point, which is unique to each individual. In order to optimize the treatment of thyroid patients and understand the dynamics of the system, a validated theoretical representation of this set point is required. Therefore, the research field of mathematical modeling of the HPT complex is significant as it provides insights into the interactions between hormones and the determination of this endogenous equilibrium. In literature, two mathematical approaches are presented for the theoretical determination of the set point in addition to a time-dependent model. The two approaches are based on the maximum curvature of the pituitary response function and the optimal gain factor in the representation of the HPT complex as a closed feedback system. This paper demonstrates that all hormone curves described by the model converge to the derived set point with increasing time. This result establishes a clear correlation between the physiological equilibrium described by the set point and the mathematical equilibrium with respect to autonomous systems of differential equations. It thus substantiates the validity of the theoretical set point approaches.