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Modulating self-assembly and polymorph transitions in bisdendronized squaramides.

Sergi Bujosa¹, Llorenç Rubert¹, Carmen Rotger¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Communications Chemistry

|December 18, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed bisdendronized squaramides (SQs) that exhibit complex self-assembly behaviors and reversible transformations between different aggregate structures. These findings are crucial for developing stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers.

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular chemistry
Materials science
Polymer chemistry

Background:

Supramolecular self-assembly enables the construction of ordered nanoscale architectures.
Understanding polymer transformations requires well-defined models with reversible transitions.
Existing models for supramolecular polymerization transformations are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce novel bisdendronized squaramides (SQs) as model systems.
To investigate complex self-assembly behaviors and polymorph transformations.
To explore stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer development.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of bisdendronized squaramides (SQs) 1-3.
Characterization of self-assembly in solution through concentration and temperature studies.
Solid-state experiments to investigate liquid crystalline behavior.

Main Results:

SQs 1-3 demonstrated complex self-assembly with four distinct aggregates and three interaction patterns.
SQ 3 exhibited concentration and temperature-dependent equilibrium among three polymorphs (Agg-A, Agg-B, Agg-C) with different hydrogen bonding.
All SQs formed columnar liquid crystals via π-π interactions (SQ 1) or hydrogen bonding (SQ 2 and SQ 3).

Conclusions:

Bisdendronized squaramides serve as valuable models for studying polymorph equilibrium.
These systems offer insights into reversible transitions crucial for stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers.
The findings advance the understanding of self-assembly in both solution and solid states.