Efficacy of typodont and simulation training in orthodontic education: a systematic review

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of analogue and virtual typodont/simulation training in orthodontic education, focusing on its impact on clinical skills, motivation, and communication (PROSPERO ID# CRD42024560497). A comprehensive search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ERIC, and CINAHL identified 11 studies that examined various simulation-based learning approaches. The findings indicate that simulation-based training enhances short-term diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and practical skills in orthodontics, particularly in tasks such as bracket bonding and clinical reasoning. Simulations also fostered student engagement and motivation, bridging the gap between theoretical learning and practical application. However, challenges such as variability in simulation technologies, technical issues with advanced tools like VR, and the perception of increased workload were identified. While most students reported high satisfaction, the heterogeneity among study designs and training objectives limits generalizability. This review highlights the potential of simulation-based learning to enhance clinical preparedness in orthodontics and recommends further research to explore strategies for standardizing simulation tools, sustaining motivation, and evaluating long-term clinical outcomes.