Barriers and Facilitators on Pharmacovigilance Practice Among Pharmacists in Metro Manila, Philippines

The underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains a significant challenge in the Philippines. Pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring medication safety, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. This study explored the barriers and facilitators affecting PV practices among pharmacists in Metro Manila.

This study employed qualitative research through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured topic guide. Researchers interviewed pharmacists until data saturation was reached, where no new insights emerged. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively, utilizing Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis to identify key themes. MAXQDA was used to facilitate coding and analyzing the qualitative data.

A total of 40 pharmacists (72.5% female) participated in this study, evenly distributed across various practice areas and geographic locations in Metro Manila. The analysis identified four main themes related to pharmacists' nonreporting of ADRs: competency gaps, organizational challenges, reporting issues, and workplace constraints. Pharmacists' limited knowledge of ADRs and lack of experience in ADR reporting appear to be the primary barriers, along with environmental factors. Conversely, critical strategies for improving ADR notifications include capacity building, motivation and rewards, and work optimization.

Pharmacists recognize the importance of reporting ADRs and view it as a professional responsibility. By prioritizing knowledge enhancement, training, and system improvements, the identification and reporting of ADRs can be strengthened, ultimately enhancing patient safety and PV practices. This positive attitude toward ADR reporting lays the groundwork for interventions designed to overcome barriers and promote a culture of active reporting among pharmacists.