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An Overview of Existing and Emerging Weight-Loss Drugs to Target Obesity-Related Complications: Insights from
Mi Kyung Kim1,2, Hye Soon Kim1,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Obesity requires treatment as it is associated with health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers, which increase mortality rates. Achieving sufficient weight loss to reduce obesity-related diseases requires a variety of interventions, including comprehensive lifestyle modification of diet and exercise, change in behavior, anti-obesity medications, and surgery. To date, anti-obesity agents with various mechanisms of action have been developed, and mostly reduce energy intake, resulting in weight loss of about 5% to 10% compared to baseline. Recently developed drugs and those currently under development have been shown to reduce body weight by more than 10% and are expected to reduce obesity-related complications. This article summarizes existing and emerging anti-obesity medications, with a particular focus on those evaluated in clinical trials.
Insights
Obesity treatment is crucial due to associated health risks. Emerging anti-obesity medications show promise for significant weight loss and reducing complications.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Obesity is a complex condition linked to severe health issues like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.
- Effective weight management strategies are essential for mitigating obesity-related mortality and morbidity.
- Current interventions include lifestyle changes, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing and novel anti-obesity medications.
- To focus on agents evaluated in clinical trials for efficacy and safety.
- To highlight advancements in pharmacotherapy for weight management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of anti-obesity medications.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for weight loss efficacy.
- Evaluation of drug mechanisms of action and potential for reducing obesity-related complications.
Main Results:
- Traditional anti-obesity drugs typically achieve 5%-10% weight loss.
- Newer and investigational drugs demonstrate potential for over 10% body weight reduction.
- These advanced medications are anticipated to decrease obesity-related health complications.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacotherapy is a key component in comprehensive obesity management.
- Emerging anti-obesity medications offer improved efficacy for substantial weight loss.
- Further research and clinical evaluation are vital for optimizing treatment strategies.
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