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Global Origin and Spatiotemporal Spread of Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic Genotypes/Subtypes: A Complete Genome-Based

Sakshi Kamboj1,2, Manoj Kumar1,2

  • 1Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India.

Journal of Medical Virology
|December 19, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This study reveals the global origins and spread of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, and 3. It identifies new origins for genotype 2 and links HCV spread to historical events and behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a global health challenge.
  • Previous studies on HCV phylodynamics were geographically limited.
  • The global origin and spread of major HCV genotypes remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global origin and spatiotemporal spread of epidemic HCV genotypes/subtypes.
  • To conduct the first global phylogeographic analysis of HCV genotype 2.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary rates and migration patterns of key HCV genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Screened 2744 HCV complete genome sequences from 27 countries over four decades.
  • Utilized phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses on 516 representative sequences.
  • Calculated evolutionary rates and estimated time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and origin locations.

Main Results:

  • Estimated evolutionary rates: 1a (1.109×10-3), 1b (1.096×10-3), 2 (5.013×10-3), and 3 (1.483×10-3) substitutions/site/year.
  • Identified origins: genotype 1a (United States, 1909.21), 1b (Japan, 1893.36), 2 (France, 981.76), and 3 (India, 1714.89).
  • Revealed genotype 2 originated in France, contradicting previous assumptions of an African origin.

Conclusions:

  • HCV spread is influenced by historical factors like World War II, medical practices, and drug use.
  • The study provides comprehensive insights into the evolutionary history and global dissemination of major HCV genotypes.
  • Identified origins and spread patterns offer crucial data for public health interventions and future research.

Keywords:
HCVepidemiologyevolutionmigrationphylogeneticspatiotemporaltransmission

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